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The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition
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Product details
Paperback: 516 pages
Publisher: University of Chicago Press (December 15, 1994)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0226615936
ISBN-13: 978-0226615936
Product Dimensions:
5.5 x 1.3 x 8.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.2 out of 5 stars
5 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#1,319,056 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
I ordered Oberoi's book and read the nearly 500 page account in two straight days. It was so compelling a narrative for someone who grew up in Punjab and grappled with the issues of amorphous identities. The phase in Punjab where "Sikh" terrorists separated "Hindus" from buses and mowed them down was the ultimate (and painful) end-point of the Singh Sabha movement that Oberoi documents. This is because a hundred and fifty years ago it is unlikely that the religious labels in quotes above could be adequately defined and even now, despite everything, religious identities in Punjab remain amorphous.Oberoi documents how a colonial elite in the late 19th and early 20th century carved out a Sikh identity by negating the spectrum of lived religious experiences for the common people for which the distinctions between "Sikh" and "Hindu" were not so easy to define. In other words, religion did not have the separative meaning as it did to the Europeans who provided the framework for this re-imaging. Yet, under pressure from social changes as well as tacit encouragement by the colonial state (particularly the British Army that needed the "Martial Race"), the Singh Sabha and Tat Khalsa managed to create a new religion moulded on the lines of a Semitic faith.The real tragedy, of course, is how so many people who call themselves Sikhs today have internalized this engineering of their panth as a narrow closed "religion" -- intolerant of its inherent diversity and amorphousness that characterized it as an Indic tradition -- so much so that Oberoi was forced to leave the Sikh studies chair at UBC for this work. These neo-Sikhs, as Oberoi calls them, guard this engineered identity (what I would even call a "Christianized Sikhism") as if it is their tradition, while it is this precise attachment to temporal identity that had led Guru Nanak to say -- I am neither Hindu nor Turk. And He would now have to add, nor Sikh.
Harjot Oberoi, along with several other scholars of Sikh studies - including W.H. McLeod, Pashaura Singh, and Gurinder Singh Mann - has been the recipient of much unfair criticism for authoring scholarship that dares to run counter to Sikh tradition.Sikhs desperately need to realize that scholarship is of little value unless it is free to disagree with tradition.The hostility with which scholars of Sikh studies have been greeted every time they deviate from tradition threatens to repel scholars of repute from the area of Sikh studies. Sadly, such a trend is already visible today.Criticism of scholars must be aimed at assessing rather than silencing.Oberoi is perhaps the most articulate Sikh scholar of Sikh studies to emerge in recent times and deserves to be read.In this book, Oberoi makes a potent case for the idea that the boundary between Sikhism and Hinduism was fortified - and in some cases manufactured - during the Singh Sabha period (late 1800s to early 1900s).
This book is a 'must read' for any person who wants to develop accurate insight into Sikh politics of identity. Harjot Oberoi traces the origins of evolving "Sikh" identity giving indisputable historical evidence. This is a very well researched work providing fooproof academic references. The book clearly demonstrates the very idea of separate "Sikh" identity is preposterous, largely derived out of colonial mischief to create schism in collective identity of non-Muslim Punjabis. The important players in this colonial mischief were Tat Khalsa , Singh Sabha and a talented British colonial administrator Macaullife. The reinvention of Sikhism along the lines of an episcopal Greeco-Roman cult was a deliberate ploy of the colonialists to create further fragemtation in the collective Punjabi psyche. The ready takers of this theory was generation of British taught "Sikhs" , who had a political agenda of their own. The tragedy today is that what is inaccurately knows as "Sikh" discourse is largely dictated by a fascist vociferous minority of Singh Sabha variety of neo-Sikhs. This fascist minority of neo-Sikhs uses aggressive proaganda and even threats of violence to scare away all objective and neutral scrutiny of its politically motivated interpretation of Sikh scriptures and historical narrative. The planks of this fascist and violent Singh Sabha variety of neo-Sikh minority are ironically drawn from a Marxist grand narrative about the evolution of Indic spiritual and social traditions.Harjot Oberoi has had to face unnecessary persecution and threats of violence from this fascist neo-Sikh minority which wants to gag all voices that question its politically motivated supremacist expropriation of the entire of Sikh tradition.Scholars like Harjot Oberoi are few and far between when it comes to the world of Sikh Studies. His work needs to be commended and given full recognition, especially given the fact he is a possible target of violence from the very same fascist neo-Sikh minority which also decorates the pictures of dreaded terrorists and extermists in the Sikh temples in the West.This book should be a compulsory reading in all of the university curricula dealing with Sikh studies. This book also provides insightful clues about the problem of worldwide ethno-religious terrorism. Harjot Oberoi demarcates the typologies and taxonomies of the "Sikh" politics of identity of late 19th and early 20th centuries which later led to "Sikh" terrorists commit heinous and dastardly murders in Punjab in 1980s. Harjot Oberoi lays bare the ideological provenance of this malevolent movement that almost caused another holocaust in Punjab after the one in 1947.
There is a good deal of scholarship to admire in this work. However, other reviewers are correct to note that there are gaps in the historical presentation (notably on Sikh culture). Read this with the potential for bias in mind, and this can provide the basis for useful dialogue.
If one really wants to understand how a "scholar" distorts, misinterprets and ignores the facts then this book is a must buy. The author has intentionally turned his back on the abundance of literature on Sikh history and old historic accounts and rather chose to write his baseless assertions without any facts. This book hardly gives any factual information about Sikhism. It is one thing to disagree with tradition but another to question it without presenting any credible evidence. Author's opinions cannot be considered historic facts when no solid evidence is presented. I would suggest saving time and money by staying away from this garbage of lies. This book has been refuted by many Sikh scholars in "Invasion of Religious Boundaries".[...]
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